From the outset, UNHCR`s responsibility for protection was to be complemented by a new refugee treaty, and the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees was concluded by States at a conference in Geneva in July 1951; it entered into force in 1954 (Goodwin-Gill 2009).4 Despite the desired complementarity, there were already significant differences between the universal mandate and the general mandate of UNHCR, which was not limited by geographical or temporal constraints, and the definition of refugees submitted to the Conference by the General Assembly. This reflected the reluctance of States to sign a “blank cheque” for an unknown number of future refugees, and was therefore limited to those affected by events that occurred before 1. In January 1951, they became refugees. The conference should add another option that allows states to limit their obligations towards refugees resulting from events in Europe before the critical date. The first step to obtaining this status is to obtain a referral to the U.S. Refugee Admission Program (USRAP). The person may involve their spouse, child or other family members (only in certain circumstances) in the refugee claim. After the person is transferred, a U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services official conducts an interview abroad to determine eligibility for refugee resettlement in the United States. [29] When the person is recognized as a refugee, they receive many forms of support. These include a travel loan, travel advice, a medical exam, and cultural orientation. [29] After the refugee`s resettlement, he was entitled to medical and financial support.

The Office of Refugee Resettlement has a program called the Cash and Medical Assistance Program, which fully reimburses the assistance that states provide to refugees. [30] The refugee is entitled to this money and medical assistance for up to eight months after arrival. [30] About 76,000 per year. Between 2009 and 2018, resettlement countries received an average of 76,000 refugees per year, with a peak of 126,000 in 2016, followed by a decline to its lowest level in 10 years of 55,700 in 2018. Even at its peak in 2016, the number of resettled refugees still accounted for less than one percent of the total refugee population worldwide. In 2018, UNHCR mainly settled refugees from Syria, Congo and Myanmar. Although there is no formal legal definition of an international migrant, most experts agree that an international migrant is a person who changes country of habitual residence, regardless of the reason for the migration or legal status. In general, a distinction is made between short-term or temporary migration, which involves movements lasting between three and 12 months, and long-term or permanent migration, which involves a change of country of residence for a period of one year or more. The 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, 606 U.N.S.T.267, came into force in October 1967. Accessed 21. February 2014 von www.unhcr-centraleurope.org/pdf/resources/legal-documents/international-refugee-law/1967-protocol-relating-to-the-status-of-refugees.html The 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol also ensure the protection of refugees against refoulement or forced return to a country where they are persecuted and grant them and their families access to civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights similar to those which: Nationals in Benefit. UNHCR Canada: A branch of the United Nations Refugee Agency that oversees the practices and policies of the Canadian government to ensure the protection of the rights of refugees and asylum seekers.

Accessed 21. February 2014 von www.unhcr.ca The movement of persons between States, whether refugees or “migrants”, takes place in a context where sovereignty remains important, and in particular in the aspect of sovereign jurisdiction, which allows the State to exercise prima facie exclusive jurisdiction over its territory and to decide who can enter and remain among non-citizens. and those who are refused admission and who are asked or forced to leave the country. Like any sovereign power, this power must be exercised within the framework and in accordance with the law, and the right of the State to control the reception of non-citizens is subject to certain clearly defined exceptions, including in favour of those seeking refuge. In addition, a State wishing to exercise migration controls outside its territory, for example through physical interception, “prohibition” and return of asylum seekers and forced migrants, may also be held responsible for acts that violate those of its international obligations that apply extraterritorially (Goodwin-Gill 2011; Moreno Lax 2011, 2012).1 Article 1A(1) of the 1951 Convention applies the term “refugee” to any person who is considered a refugee under previous international agreements. Article 1A(2), in conjunction with the 1967 Protocol and without temporal or geographical boundaries, then provides a general definition of a refugee as any person who is outside his or her country or origin and who is unable or unwilling to return or seek protection for fear of persecution on grounds of race. Religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group (additional reason not included in the UNHCR Statute) or political opinion. Stateless persons may also be refugees in this sense, with the country of origin (citizenship) understood as “country of former habitual residence”.

People who have left their country of origin but are still in their country of origin. Internally displaced persons are persons who have left their homes but have not crossed the border and are seeking refuge in other towns, villages, camps, forests, etc. in their country. Internally displaced persons account for the largest proportion of all forcibly displaced persons in the world, with a total of about 40 million people. Internally displaced persons are not protected by international law because they are always protected by their governments. Colombia, Syria, Somalia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo are among the largest displaced people in the world. No international instrument defines the term “asylum”. Article 14 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights simply states: “Everyone has the right to seek and enjoy asylum from persecution in other countries.” Article 1 of the 1967 United Nations Declaration on Territorial Asylum provides: “Asylum granted by a State in the exercise of its sovereignty to persons entitled to invoke article 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights”. will be respected by all other States. But it is up to “the state granting asylum to assess the reasons for granting asylum” (Goodwin-Gill 2012). 76 per cent of all countries. As of April 2015, 148 countries had adopted both the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol, or only the 1967 Protocol.

The United States passed the 1967 Protocol on November 1, 1968, and after the Vietnam War developed its own law, the Refugee Act of 1980, which included the definition of refugee in these documents. There are 43 UN members who have not adopted international laws, some of whom host large refugee populations, such as Libya, Saudi Arabia and India. State practice does not currently provide clear answers, except that States themselves want to maintain the specific refugee-oriented approach of the 1951 Convention. The basic principles of refugee protection, in particular refuge, non-return or “non-refoulement”, are necessarily common for both areas, but human rights reports that undermine the refugee protection regime24 are likely to be exaggerated or premature, or simply academic speculation. UNHCR`s responsibility to seek durable solutions to the refugee problem18 generally results in a privileged hierarchy, with voluntary repatriation coming first, followed by local asylum and resettlement in a third country. International refugee protection law, which gives rise to many such exceptions, includes a number of universal and regional conventions (treaties), rules of customary international law, general principles of law, national laws and standards that are constantly evolving in the practice of States and international organizations, in particular the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. .